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The Principality of Andorra is a tiny landlocked country in the Pyreneeses between France and Spain.
History and politics
Since the 13. Century Andorra is governed by France and Spain together. The official heads of state are today the bishop of Urgell and the French president. With the first democratic elections in 1993 power was transferred to a general council, which consists of 28 members. France and Spain are further responsible for Andorra’s defense.
Geography
Andorra lies completely in the mountains with partly very high summits. About half of the year the country is snow covered. The summers are however warm and drying. Two arms of the river Valira flow toward the south by ravines. In Andorra’s center they unite to the Valira, which flows on to Spain. A large part of the energy is won from water power.
Population
Only one third of Andorra’s population are Andorranean citizens. The remainder are Spaniards and Frenchmen. Two thirds of the population live in the capital Andorra la Vella, in Encamp and Les Escaldes.
Economics
The most important economic factor is tourism. Above all winter sportsmen are glad to come to Andorra. The goods in Andorra are duty-free, which likewise attracts many visitors. Also the sale of electricity to Spain is an important source of income. The banking is very well developed. Industry hardly plays a role in Andorra, apart from tobacco industry. Many of the inhabitants are peasants, who drive their sheep, cattle and goats on the high meadows in the summer and cultivate fruits, vegetables and other plants.